In a famous instance of crowd-sourcing long before the advent of social media, Pulitzer-winning speechwriter and New York Times columnist William Safire sought “perverse rules” of grammar from his readers. What that effort produced was perhaps the wittiest list of grammar rules ever, each featuring the error it aims to correct. The list was published in the Times in 1979 here and then incorporated into a book, Fumblerules. To celebrate April Fools’ Day, I’m reproducing them here, even if not all are compulsory today. I guarantee you’ll learn something; if not, you may just smile a bit more.
- Avoid run-on sentences they are hard to read.
- Don’t use no double negatives.
- Use the semicolon properly, always use it where it is appropriate; and never where it isn’t.
- Reserve the apostrophe for it’s proper use and omit it when its not needed.
- Do not put statements in the negative form.
- Verbs has to agree with their subjects.
- No sentence fragments.
- Proofread carefully to see if you any words out.
- Avoid commas, that are not necessary.
- If you reread your work, you will find on rereading that a great deal of repetition can be avoided by rereading and editing.
- A writer must not shift your point of view.
- Eschew dialect, irregardless.
- And don’t start a sentence with a conjunction.
- Don’t overuse exclamation marks!!!
- Place pronouns as close as possible, especially in long sentences, as of 10 or more words, to their antecedents.
- Hyphenate between syllables and avoid un‐necessary hyphens.
- Write all adverbial forms correct.
- Don’t use contractions in formal writing.
- Writing carefully, dangling participles must be avoided.
- It is incumbent on us to avoid archaisms.
- If any word is improper at the end of a sentence, a linking verb is.
- Steer clear of incorrect forms of verbs that have snuck in the language.
- Take the bull by the hand and avoid mixed metaphors.
- Avoid trendy locutions that sound flaky.
- Never, ever use repetitive redundancies.
- Everyone should be careful to use a singular pronoun with singular nouns in their writing.
- If I’ve told you once, I’ve told you a thousand times, resist hyperbole.
- Also, avoid awkward or affected alliteration.
- Don’t string too many prepositional phrases together unless you are walking through the valley of the shadow of death.
- Always pick on the correct idiom.
- “Avoid overuse of ‘quotation “marks.” ’ ”
- The adverb always follows the verb.
- Last but not least, avoid clichés like the plague; seek viable alternatives.